The main driving forces supplying energy to the interstellar medium are supernova explosions and stellar winds. Such localized irrotational sources must be combined with other physical processes to replicate real galactic environments, as interstellar medium possesses both turbulence and a dynamo-sustained magnetic field. We have performed three-dimensional periodic box magnetohidrodinamical (MHD) simulations with a simple forcing function that naively resembles a supernova. The flow created reaches up Reynolds numbers of 300 and Mach numbers of 1. We have evaluated the appearance of small scale dynamo when the system is influenced by rotation, baroclinicity or a shear profile. We have only found dynamo in the shearing case. I will also give an introduction to planetary magnetism in the Solar System, some of the latest 3D numerical planetary simulations and give an overview of our starting project about the gigayear evolution of planetary magnetic fields.

Type Ia supernovae have standarizable light curves using empirical relations. The analysis of SNe Ia environments properties is a crucial tool to understand how this standardization is affected by the place of the explosion and to constrain its progenitors. In this talk, I will describe the analysis of the local and global environments of type Ia supernovae using Integral Field Spectroscopy (IFS) data cubes from a sample of +1000 host galaxies from PMAS, MUSE and MaNGA surveys.

The main driving forces supplying energy to the interstellar medium are supernova explosions and stellar winds. Such localized irrotational sources must be combined with other physical processes to replicate real galactic environments, as interstellar medium possesses both turbulence and a dynamo-sustained magnetic field. We have performed three-dimensional periodic box magnetohidrodinamical (MHD) simulations with a simple forcing function that naively resembles a supernova. The flow created reaches up Reynolds numbers of 300 and Mach numbers of 1. We have evaluated the appearance of small scale dynamo when the system is influenced by rotation, baroclinicity or a shear profile. We have only found dynamo in the shearing case. I will also give an introduction to planetary magnetism in the Solar System, some of the latest 3D numerical planetary simulations and give an overview of our starting project about the gigayear evolution of planetary magnetic fields.

Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are excellent cosmological probes in the local Universe given their high precision as distance indicators. This precision is only achievable by standardising their light curves using empirical relations found between their optical peak brightness and other light-curve parameters, such as stretch and colour. Although SNe Ia have been used to estimate distances for quite some time, only in the last decade or so have we started to understand how the environment in which they explode can affect their standardisation. In this talk, I will explain how host-galaxy properties are used to further standardise SNe Ia and the new developments there have been to understand the connection between these transients and their environment to improve their usefulness as cosmological probes.

Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) mark the demise of white dwarfs (WD). These cosmic explosions release as much luminous energy as the sun produces over its entire lifetime. As cauldrons of nucleosynthesis, SNe Ia provide the interstellar medium with Fe-group elements and are key to its isotopic composition. They are also accurate cosmological distance rulers, which were vital in the discovery of the acceleration of the universe. Yet somehow the exact details of their progenitor scenario (e.g. single degenerate vs double degenerate) and explosion mechanism (e.g. Chandrasekhar mass vs. sub-Chandrasekhar mass) still eludes us. Understanding the origin of SNe Ia is critical if we are to reduce systematics in future cosmological experiments. Here, I will discuss the latest results from my Cycle1 JWST program, GO-2114. In particular I will show how late time MIR observations can accurately measure the mass of the primary WD, as well as chemical asphericities within the explosion. I will demonstrate how this data can be used to show that the nearby SN 2021aefx (the first SN Ia observed with JWST) was produced by an explosion of a near Chandrasekhar mass WD.  I will also show preliminary results from my other JWST Cycle1 JWST program, GO-2122, where I will present the first ever JWST spectra of a core collapse, SN 2022acko.  Overall, JWST is a truly exciting time for astronomy and promises to revolutionize SN physics.

Stars are the fundamental building blocks of galaxies and hosts of planetary systems. Therefore, studying their formation is not only key to understanding the most abundant luminous objects in the Universe, but also the properties of galaxies as well as planetary systems. Characterizing the process of formation of stars requires understanding the effects of gravity, turbulence and magnetic fields among others, over several orders of magnitude in spatial scale and temporal evolution, in heavily-obscured environments. With this talk I will take the opportunity to introduce my research, which covers different aspects of the star formation process from the 100-pc size molecular clouds where star formation begins down to 100-AU size circumstellar disks surrounding newly-born stars, where planetary systems will eventually form. Moreover, obtaining general conclusions about the star formation process requires observing not only a few selected regions, but a large number of them. Based on this, I will also present the efforts that we are carrying out in order to characterize statistically-significant samples of star-forming regions.

The number of discovered exoplanets has increased significantly in the recent years. Up to the date, there are more than 5000 confirmed exoplanets. However, not all of them show the same characteristics. In this talk we are going to present Hot Jupiters, gas giants which orbit really close to their host start. This proximity makes this exoplanets an excellent scenarios to study their dynamics, thermal properties and chemical composition. One of the most outstanding questions regarding them is why they have an inflated radii. Several theories have been proposed, but ohmic dissipation is one of the promising to explain this anomaly. In this talk we will travel through Hot Jupiters and show our on-going projects to explain the inflated radii anomaly via generation and dissipation of magnetic fields.

White dwarfs are the descendants of stars with masses smaller than ~8 Mo. Their evolution is just a gravothrmal process of cooling. A fraction of them, not all of them, display magnetic fields with intensities in the range of kilo to giga Gauss and the incidence changes when moving from single to binary white dwarfs. In this seminar I will review the status of the problem.

Study of Supernova Remnant (SNR) demographics and their physical properties (density, temperature, shock velocities) is very important in order to understand their role in galaxies. Many photometric and spectroscopic studies of SNRs, have been carried out in our Galaxy but also in extragalactic environments. The most common means for the SNR identification in the optical regime, is the use of the flux ratio of the [S II] (λλ6717, 6731) to Hα (λ6563) emission lines. However, this diagnostic is biased against low excitation SNRs. For this reason, we have developed new diagnostics that combine 2 and 3 emission line ratios along with a Support Vector Machine model, that efficiently differentiate SNRs from HII regions. These diagnostics recover up to 35% of the SNRs that we miss using the traditional diagnostic tool, which is very important in order to obtain more complete samples of SNRs (e.g. SNRs of different physical properties) and consequently to more efficiently explore the feedback processes to the host galaxy. We present the application of these diagnostics on IFU data that not only provide the necessary emission lines, but also the opportunity to study the properties of SNRs and their environments.

Studies of the extragalactic Universe, from ultraviolet to infrared wavelengths, have been extremely effective at piecing together a basic picture of how stars in galaxies evolved throughout cosmic history. At X-ray wavelengths, galaxy emission is dominated by hot gas and populations of X-ray binaries, the latter of which consist of black holes and neutron stars accreting material from normal stellar companions. Hot gas in star-forming galaxies traces energetics from young and massive stars and X-ray binaries provide unique and important information regarding the star-formation histories and chemical evolution (metallicities) of their host galaxies.  These energetic phenomena have been proposed to play roles in the ionization of nebulae and long-range heating of the intergalactic medium in the early Universe. Furthermore, some X-ray binaries are expected to be predecessors and tracers of the gravitational-wave source populations that are now being detected by LIGO/VIRGO.  Using X-ray and multiwavelength observations (e.g., from Chandra, GALEX, Hubble, NuSTAR, Spitzer, Herschel, and other telescopes) of nearby and distant galaxies, as well as large-scale theoretical modeling, we are developing a framework detailing how X-ray binary populations and their host galaxies evolved together over the last 12 billion years (~90%) of cosmic history.  In this talk, I will describe some of the exciting new insights from our work, and I will highlight how new data sets, future observational facilities, and improved theoretical modeling will continue to improve our understanding of X-ray binaries, compact objects, and galaxies.

A complete and satisfactory understanding of the processes that led to the formation of all the variety of today’s galaxy types is still beyond our reach. To solve this problem, we need both large datasets reaching high redshifts and novel methodologies for dealing with them. The statistical power of the VIPERS survey, which observed ~90,000 galaxies at intermediate redshifts (z>0.5), and the application of an unsupervised clustering algorithm, allowed us to distinguish between passive galaxies, star-forming galaxies and galaxies hosting active galactic nuclei (AGN), among other types. A follow-up study of their environmental dependence indicates that this classification may actually reflect different galaxy evolutionary paths, revealing for instance a rare population of small and passive red galaxies. In my talk, I will discuss the clustering methodology and emerging scenarios of galaxy evolution.

The study of supernova (SN) environments is an important method for understanding and constraining the progenitors of the different SN types. In this talk, he will present the analysis of 114 galaxies observed by the All-weather MUse Supernova Integral field Nearby Galaxies survey (AMUSING) that hosted core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) detected or discovered by the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN) survey, between 2014 and 2018. This is the largest analysis to date of CCSN host galaxies observed by the MUSE instrument at the Very Large Telescope (VLT). The use of a homogeneous SN sample from ASAS-SN, an untargeted and spectroscopically complete panoramic survey of transients, allowed us to perform a minimally biased statistical analysis of CCSN environments. The talk will describe our sample, the capabilities of the MUSE instrument in investigating SN environments, our main results, and prospects for future projects.

The PPdot-diagram is a cornerstone of pulsar research. It is used in multiple ways for classifying the population, understanding evolutionary tracks, identifying issues in our theoretical reach, and more. However, we have been looking at the same plot for more than five decades. A fresh appraisal may be healthy. Is the PPdot-diagram the most useful or complete way to visualize the pulsars we know? Here we pose a fresh look at the information we have on the pulsar population. First, we use principal component analysis over magnitudes depending on the intrinsic pulsar’s timing properties (proxies to relevant physical pulsar features), to analyse whether the information contained by the pulsar’s period and period derivative is enough to describe the variety of the pulsar population. Even when the variables of interest depend on P and Pdot, we show that PPdot are not principal components. Thus, any distance ranking or visualization based only on P and Pdot is potentially misleading. Next, we define and compute a properly normalized distance to measure pulsar nearness, calculate the minimum spanning tree of the population, and discuss possible applications. The pulsar tree hosts information about pulsar similarities that go beyond P and Pdot, and are thus naturally difficult to read from the P Pdot-diagram. We use this work to introduce the pulsar tree website containing visualization tools and data to allow users to gather information in terms of MST and distance ranking.

Organized, large-scale magnetic fields are frequently encountered in the Universe, from planets and stars to accretion disks and galactic clusters. It is widely accepted that these fields are created through dynamo action, which is supported by turbulent motions of conducting fluid inside astrophysical objects and opposed by Ohmic dissipation. These dynamos can be considered as nonlinear chaotic dynamical systems, whose saturated states depend on nonlinear interactions between the flow and the magnetic field. A rigorous description of these saturation mechanisms is important for a better understanding of long-term evolution and variations in large-scale stellar and planetary flows.

The evolution of interstellar dust reservoirs, and the evolution of galaxies themselves go hand-in-hand, as the presence of dust alters evolutionary drivers, such as the interstellar radiation field and the star formation history, while at the same time, the dust is being formed and altered by processes taking place in galaxies. However, far-infrared and submillimeter studies have revealed enormous dust masses at high redshifts that are difficult to explain with dust production from evolved stars (the so-called "dust budget problem"), while in the nearby universe there is also a significant mismatch between the dust production rate and the dust mass observed in the interstellar medium of galaxies. I will go over some possible explanations in an attempt to find a way forward towards a solution to this seeming discrepancy.

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are thought to be X-ray binary systems exhibiting super-Eddington luminosities. They challenge our understanding of accretion physics at extreme accretion rates, while their nature and evolution has not yet been fully explored. Since ULXs are rare and usually found at large distances, only a few systems have been studied thoroughly, nevertheless providing useful information on their accretion states. On the other hand, having extreme luminosities, numerous ULXs have been detected at different galactic environments, allowing demographic ULX studies to indirectly access the properties of ULXs, but most importantly, to directly explore the formation and evolution of ULX populations via the comparison with binary population synthesis models. In this seminar, we will talk about a census of ULXs designed for this purpose (HECATE-ULX), and a new binary population synthesis code (POSYDON) providing reliable modelling of mass-transfer sequences. We will see how they will be combined with cosmological simulations, giving access to the properties of ULX populations (X-MARCS-THE-SPOT). Furthermore, we will discuss on ULXs as local Universe ionizing sources, and important players in heating the early Universe.

Aristotle proposed that Aether, a divine substance, moved the heavenly spheres of stars and planets. It took two millennia to discovered that such Aether was just the universal law of Gravity. Yet, according to the current lore, cosmic expansion can not be explained by Gravity. The standard model of cosmology assumes that everything started in a singular Big Bang out of Cosmic Inflation, a mysterious form of modern Aether. But there is no direct evidence that this ever occurred. Measurements of cosmic acceleration also seem to requiere a cosmological constant (Λ), yet another form of such Aether. We will argue instead that these are just indications that our Universe has a finite mass. If this is the case, we live inside a large local Black Hole (BH) Universe (BHU) whose event horizon plays the role of Λ. This BHU has the same metric as the standard cosmology (ΛCDM) . A comoving observer, anywhere inside such BHU, measures the same background as an observer in the standard ΛCDM. This solution to the Λ conundrum opens new questions about the origen of expansion and structure and could also help us understand other recent puzzling observations.

The detection of gravitational waves (GWs) has opened a completely new window on the Universe. At nHz frequencies, pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) promise to detect the signal coming from the cosmological population of supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) within the next few years. After reviewing the astrophysics of SMBHBs, I will describe the pulsar timing technique, the current status of the PTA effort, present the most recent results, and discuss their astrophysical implications.

During the last few years, I have been promoting a line of research centered on analyzing and modelling pulsar wind nebulae. I have put special emphasis to the theoretical challenges, issues, opportunities and risks that will be brought in by the new generation of instruments. I will provide an update of how this research line goes, including some of the recent results, and explain at once the status of the Cherenkov Telescope Array.

The quick response of the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory has led to an explosion in the number of ultraviolet observations of supernova explosions.  I will summarize the zoo of stellar explosions and the knowledge gained from ultraviolet observations.  Key Swift discoveries include the ultraviolet diversity of Type Ia supernova "standard candles" and the extreme UV luminosity of superluminous supernovae -- detectable all the way to the edge of the observable universe.

The discovery of deep, quasiperiodic transits of KIC 8642852 (Boyajian's star) revealed substantial amounts of optically thick material on an eccentric orbit residing around an otherwise ordinary main sequence star. Since this discovery, a dozen such stars have been identified and are referred to collectively as "little dippers". The dimming of these objects are thought to be caused by large clouds of circumstellar material related to comet swarms or disintegrating planet(esimal)s. Here we report on the recent dimming event of the Sun-like star ASASSN-21qj, which dropped from SDSS g = 13.8 mag to > 16 mag over the course of several weeks. We present LCO time series photometry of the star in SDSS griz bands, tracing the evolution of the occultation after its initial discovery back to its quiescent state. We identify two separate major dimming events in the observations, down to depths of 20 mag and 17 mag, respectively, along with a large number of intermediate events of varying depth and duration. We use multi-wavelength monitoring to capture for the first time the onset of such occultations and characterize the dusty material responsible. From these observations we infer the spatial distribution of the occulting material to be a compact clump within a broader diffuse cloud based on the shape and duration of the eclipses. The typical grain size of the dust grains, derived from the photometric colours, is 0.4 micron for the general obscuration and 2 micron for the deepest eclipses